User Guide for the Cost Data Collection Instrument

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COST DATA COLLECTION

Medicare Ground Ambulance Data Collection System A User Guide for the Data Collection Instrument An Educational Resource from Cornerstone Adminisystems Inc.

Medicare Ground Ambulance Data Collection System A User Guide for the Data Collection Instrument

The ground ambulance cost data collection system obligates you to collect and report on a wide variety of data. Between 2020 and 2024 every ground ambulance service will be required to participate. Failure to comply will result in a 10% reduction to Medicare payments for a calendar year following the date which CMS determines your agency failed to report.

A System to Capture Data

In order to report data correctly, the data must be tracked according to the definitions and rules laid out by CMS. This means assessing your current accounting and data management practices and identifying the extent to which they do or do not enable you to track the data as required. As we work through the various data points in this guide, we need to remember that there are a wide range of EMS agency types. Some are nonaffiliated, some fire-based, others hospital-based, some exclusively provide non-emergency services, and so on. Considering this, CMS will provide an online survey-type tool called the data collection instrument for the actual reporting component of the program. As of this publication, the final version of this tool is not yet live, but CMS has provided a PDF version, which is what we used to create this guide. Importantly, the instrument uses skip logic, which means the selections you make in the early part of the survey dictate what questions you will see later in the process. In other words, not every data element we cover in this presentation will apply to your agency. With this in mind, we recommend you apply the following questions as you review the material:

 Does this data element apply to my agency?  If so, is it currently being tracked?  If yes, am I tracking it in a way that conforms to the program?  If not, what do I need to do to track it in the required way?

The Basics of the Program

1. CMS will send notification via mail/email to the correspondence address listed in your PECOS record and associated with your NPI, addressed to the Authorized Official on file. 2. You have 30 days to respond, indicating if you will collect data according to calendar year or fiscal year. Failure to respond automatically enrolls you in the calendar year option. 3. Once the collection period commences, you will need to track the data points relevant to your agency, in a way that enables you to then report those data points in the manner dictated by CMS. 4. Once your collection year is complete, a period will commence in which your agency will have up to 5 months to report. To do this, CMS will provide an online survey-type tool. 5. If an agency fails to report within the 5-month reporting period, or if the data provided is deemed insufficient, CMS will take no longer than 3 months after the close of the reporting period to decide if the 10% penalty is warranted. This penalty would be assessed on Medicare payments for DOS in the calendar year that follows the decision to impose the penalty.

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How to Use This Document 

For many, the instrument provided by CMS is hard to decipher.  So, we have simplified the information it  contains to make it easier to understand.  As you read through, you will see we have organized things according  to the same methodology deployed by CMS: 

 Organizational Characteristics 

 Facilities Costs   Vehicle Costs   Other Costs   Total Cost   Revenues 

 Service Area 

 Emergency Response Time 

 Equipment, Consumables & Supplies 

 Ground Ambulance Service Volume 

 Service Mix   Labor Costs 

As stated earlier, not all items will apply to your agency.  For instance, if you are a career only, nonaffiliated  ambulance service, then any item that pertains to cost allocations between shared services (with say, a fire  department), or labor costs related to volunteers, would not apply.    Likewise, there are agencies that are part of a parent organization that uses multiple NPIs to bill Medicare for  ground ambulance services.  In such cases, those agencies would need to track and allocate the portion of costs  and revenues incurred at the level of the parent organization (also referred to as the central office) based on  their existing organizational approach for allocating costs to specific NPIs.    We have included reminders of this throughout the document (often in relation to tables), yet these reminders  would only be relevant to those specific agencies.    And speaking of tables, we have added them where applicable to translate the instrument and visualize what  CMS wants to see.  This does not mean these tables will be included in the final reporting tool.  Rather,  everything contained herein is simply our way of taking something complicated and trying to make it… less  complicated. 

For Cornerstone Clients   

As your billing partner, we already have some of the required information, such as certain organizational  characteristics and billing data.  We will work with you to make sure you have the needed information when the  time comes to report.   

Disclaimer 

This tool does not guarantee your agency will successfully collect or report on the required data.  Cornerstone,  nor any of its affiliates or subsidiaries, bears any responsibility for your use of this tool.  Your agency is solely  responsibility for the accurate, complete and timely submission of all data as explained by CMS.

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Definitions & Reference Documents

The following is a list of links to key documents:

 CMS webpage with link to selected agencies  CMS Data Collection Instrument (PDF)  CMS Quick Reference Guide  CMS Data Collection FAQs  CMS list of hospital and other provider types

In regard to calculating depreciation:

 CMS has stated that, in general, you will be able to use your organization’s standard approach to calculating depreciation expenses. If your organization calculates depreciation expense for multiple purposes, e.g. depreciation for tax incentive purposes vs. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) for standard auditing purposes, CMS asks that you report the depreciation expense according to GAAP.  As of this publication, CMS is working on an expense guide that will be posted on the Medicare Ambulances Services Center website .

Also, CMS includes some key definitions throughout the instrument. We’ve consolidated them here:

Responses, Transports & Standbys

 “Total responses” is defined as the total number of responses by your organization regardless of whether a ground ambulance was deployed and regardless of whether or not a patient was transported. This includes EMS responses that did not involve a ground ambulance (e.g., responses only involving a pickup truck or sport-utility vehicle (SUV), including quick response vehicle (QRV), a “fly-car,” or “sprint” vehicle). If more than one vehicle is sent to the scene, count this as one response. For fire department- based agencies, this would include emergency responses that only involved a fire truck or other fire/rescue vehicles; for a police/public safety-based department, include emergency responses that only involved a police car or other public safety vehicle.  A “ground ambulance response” is a response by a fully equipped and staffed ground ambulance, scheduled or unscheduled, with or without a transport, and with or without payment. If more than one vehicle is sent to the scene, count this as one response. Please note that every ground ambulance response will count towards your reported number of total responses, but not all responses are ground ambulance responses.  A “ground ambulance transport” is the use of a fully staffed and equipped ground ambulance responding to a request for service. It also provides a medically necessary transport.  A “paid transport” refers to a ground ambulance transport for which your organization has been paid in full or in part by a payer and/or patient only. Please note that in some questions CMS asks only about paid transports, and in other questions CMS is interested in both the paid transports and transports that are not paid, either because your agency did not bill for them or because your agency billed but did not collect payment for them  A “standby event” is an event where a ground ambulance is requested to be present on scene in case of an incident. Examples include fairs, concerts sporting events, police incidents, etc. These services may or may not be paid.

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Levels & Types of Services 

 An “emergency response” is a BLS or ALS1 level of service that has been provided in immediate response  to a 911 call or the equivalent. An immediate response is one in which the ground ambulance  organization begins as quickly as possible to take the steps necessary to respond to the call. This can  include emergency transfers from a lower‐level to higher‐level of care.   “ALS 1” is the transportation by ground ambulance…and the provision of medically necessary supplies  and services…including the provision of an ALS assessment by ALS personnel [emergency medical  technician‐intermediate (EMT‐Intermediate) or paramedic] or at least one ALS intervention.” Qualifying  ALS assessments and interventions are described in detail in the CMS manual.    “ALS 2” is the transportation by ground ambulance and the provision of medically necessary supplies  and services including (1) at least three separate administrations of one or more medications by  intravenous (IV) push/bolus or by continuous infusion (excluding crystalloid fluids) or (2) ground  ambulance transport, medically necessary supplies and services, and the provision of at least one of the  ALS2 procedures” listed in the CMS manual.    “BLS” is transportation by ground ambulance…and the provision of medically necessary supplies and  services… including BLS ambulance services as defined by the state. The ambulance vehicle must be  staffed by at least two people who meet the requirements of the state and local laws where the services  are being furnished, and at least one of the staff members must be certified at a minimum as an  emergency medical technician‐basic (EMT‐Basic) by the state or local authority where the services are  being furnished and be legally authorized to operate all lifesaving and life‐sustaining equipment on  board the vehicle. These laws may vary across or within states.   “SCT” is the inter‐facility transportation of a critically injured or ill beneficiary by a ground ambulance  vehicle, including the provision of medically necessary supplies and services, at a level of service beyond  the scope of the EMT‐Paramedic. SCT is necessary when a beneficiary’s condition requires ongoing care  that must be furnished by one or more health professionals in an appropriate specialty area, for  example, emergency or critical care nursing, emergency medicine, respiratory care, cardiovascular care,  or an EMT‐Paramedic with additional training.”   “Inter‐facility transports” are transports where “the origin and destination are one of the following: a  hospital or skilled nursing facility that participates in the Medicare program or a hospital‐based facility  that meets Medicare’s requirements for provider‐based status.”    A “Paramedic Intercept” is an ALS level of service that CMS defines as “a rural area transport furnished  by a volunteer ambulance company which is prohibited by state law from billing third party payers  where services are provided by an entity that is under contract with the volunteer ambulance company  that does not provide the transport but is paid for their paramedic intercept service (State of NY only  meets these requirements).”    A “joint response” is our term for how CMS separately addresses those ALS agencies that  respond/rendezvous with a BLS from another agency and administer an ALS intervention as part of a  joint response.

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Certifications   An “EMT‐Basic” certification depends on state or local level.     An “EMT‐intermediate” is an individual who is qualified, in accordance with state and local laws, as an  EMT‐Basic and who is also certified in accordance with state and local laws to perform essential  advanced techniques and to administer a limited number of medications.  Advanced‐EMT is another  term used in the industry.     An “EMT‐Paramedic” possesses the qualifications of the EMT‐Intermediate and, in accordance with  state and local laws, has enhanced skills that include being able to administer additional interventions  and medications.   “Primary service area” is the area in which you are exclusively or primarily responsible for providing  service at one or more levels and where it is highly likely a majority of pickups will occur.   “Secondary service area” is the area outside your primary service area but where you regularly provides  services through mutual or auto‐aid agreements.  This does not include areas where you provide  services only under exceptional circumstances, e.g. natural disaster.  Non‐Ambulance Vehicle   We refer to these simply as NAVs.  They are non‐ambulance vehicles used to respond to ground  ambulance calls or support ground ambulance operations that are not ambulances, e.g. SUVs, trucks,  land or water rescue vehicles, fly‐cars, supervisory vehicles, etc.    Service Area 

Emergency Response Time 

 The time from when the call comes in to when the ambulance or other EMS response vehicle arrives on  the scene.  o Note: If you don’t define it this way, you will have the opportunity to explain.  Trip Time 

 From the time the ambulance leaves the station to when that ambulance is available to take another call 

Volunteer Hours 

 The time from which the volunteer receives a call or a page to the time they are finished with their call  as well as time spent in the station performing duties as if they were being paid.   

Capital & Non‐Capital Equipment 

 Capital medical equipment refers to equipment that can endure repeated use.  It includes, but is not  limited to, defibrillators, ventilators, monitors, or power lifts.   Capital non‐medical equipment refers to equipment that can endure repeated use.  It includes, but is  not limited to, computers, dispatch equipment, and furniture.

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Organizational Characteristics  This section seeks to gather basic identification and contact info, as well as key defining characteristics.  

NPI, Legal Business Name, Point of Contact 

 Your NPI   If your agency uses more than one NPI 

 Your legal business name   Name of contact person   Title of contact person   Phone for contact person   Email for contact person 

Collection Period 

 If you will collect and report based on calendar or fiscal year 

Agency Type 

 If you are for profit   If you are nonprofit (excluding gov’t)   If you are gov’t (any level)   If you are a public/private partnership 

Agency Category 

 If you are fire department‐based   If you are police or other public safety department‐based   If you are gov’t standalone    If you are hospital or other Medicare provider    If you are independent/proprietary organization primarily involving EMS   If you are independent/proprietary organization providing non‐emergency services 

Shared Service 

 If your agency shares operational costs, e.g. building, personnel, etc., with other operations.   

Volunteers 

 If your agency uses volunteer labor for any positions related to your ground ambulance service.    o This would include volunteers even if they receive small stipends, allowances or other incentives  from your organization.  This would not include staff who are paid on an hourly or salary basis  even if they perform some activities on a volunteer basis.

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911 Calls 

 If your organization routinely provides ground ambulance responses to 911 calls   If you provide 911 emergency services around the clock for all days of the year in most or all of your  service area 

Ambulance Types 

CMS considers ground ambulances to includes both land and water ambulances. 

 If you operate a land‐based ambulance   If you operate a water‐based ambulance.    o This would not  include vehicles used exclusively for water rescues that do not meet the  requirements to be a water ambulance in your jurisdiction.   If you operate air ambulance 

Deployment Model 

 The staff deployment model that best fits your agency: 

o Static: same # of fully staffed ambulances no matter when  o Dynamic: # varies depending on time of day/week  o Combined: fixed # during certain times, dynamic others 

Paramedic Intercepts & Joint Responses 

See Definitions & Reference Documents for how CMS separately defines these two scenarios. 

 If you provide paramedic intercept services in NY   If you provide joint responses outside of NY (also commonly referred to as paramedic intercept or ALS  intercept services)

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Service Area  This section applies if you have a primary or secondary service area (see Definitions & Reference Documents for  Service Area). 

Zip Codes 

 In your primary service area   In your secondary service area 

Trip Time 

 The “average trip time” in minutes for both primary and secondary service areas (see Definitions &  Reference Documents for Trip Time).  Your options will include:  o < 30 

o 30‐60  o 61‐90  o 91‐120  o 121‐150  o > 150

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Emergency Response Time This section applies if your agency routinely provides ground ambulance responses to 911 calls. 

Response Time & Statistics 

 How your agency defines response time (you will have the following options)  o Time from when the call comes in to when the ambulance or another EMS response vehicle  arrives on scene.  o Time as from the time the ambulance leaves the station to the time the ambulance or other  EMS vehicle arrives on scene.  o If your agency has another definition, be prepared to specify   If you are able to report response time statistics for your agency  o If so   Average response time in primary service area   The response time below which 90% of emergency responses fall in primary service area   Average response time in secondary service area  o If not   Your best estimate of the average response time in primary service area   Your best estimate of the response time below which 90% of emergency responses fall  in primary service area   Your best estimate of the average response time in secondary service area   If your agency is required or incentivized to meet time targets  o If so   The entity that determines response time targets    Your agency   Local municipality   County   Other (be prepared to specify)   If you are penalized for exceeding response time targets (penalties can take the form of  reduced payments or a fine)

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Ground Ambulance Service Volume  This section applies to an agency that routinely provides ground ambulance responses, transports, intercepts  and/or standbys (see Definitions & Reference Documents). 

Responses 

 Your agency’s total responses   Your agency’s total number of ground ambulance responses   If your agency responds to calls with another non‐transporting agency, e.g. a local fire department, etc.  o If so   The percentage of total ground ambulance responses including a non‐transporting  agency   The kind of labor provided by the non‐transporting agency during these responses   Paramedic   Other EMT   Other (be prepared to specify)   The percentage share of ground ambulance responses in which the non‐transporting  agency continues to provide medical care in the ambulance during transport   The percentage of ground ambulances responses in your secondary service area   The total number of ground ambulance responses that did not result in a transport, e.g. refusals,  cancellations, etc.   Of the total number of ground ambulance responses that did not result in a transport, the percentage  that received medical treatment on site 

Transports 

 Your agency’s total number of ground ambulance transports   Your agency’s total number of paid transports 

Standbys 

 If your agency participates in standby events 

Paramedic Intercepts 

 If your agency provides paramedic intercept services in NY; if so, the total number of responses   If your agency provides ALS assessments and/or interventions on joint responses (also commonly  referred to as paramedic intercept services) outside of NY; if so, the total number of responses  o Note: This does not  include responses where your agency (as the intercepting ALS unit) actually  billed for the transport

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Service Mix  This section applies to ground ambulance responses and transports by type.  If you are unable to provide an  exact percentage, you will be prompted to select a percentage range.  If you did not have any responses in a  particular category, you will need to answer 0%.   

 Percentage share of emergency responses   Percentage share of non‐emergency responses   Percentage of transports that used water‐based ambulances   Percentage of transports that are inter‐facility   Percentage of transports in each of the following.   

o BLSN  o BLSE  o ALS1N 

o ALS1  o ALS2  o SCT  Note: Emergency transfers are classified by how they are billed.

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Labor Costs  CMS has provided the following ground rules, which you’ll need to know so you can track accordingly.  

 For shared services such as fire‐department, police/public safety, or hospital/other Medicare provider‐ based departments, labor costs are often split between EMS and other duties.  When this happens, an  agency will need to track those costs in a way that permits them to be allocated for reporting.   If your agency fits a shared services model, only include individuals whose responsibilities were either  partly or entirely related to your ground ambulance operation.     You will need to know the classification of each staff member at the beginning of the collection period.   This is the classification in which CMS requires each person be reported, regardless if the person  changes positions later in the year.    o Example: A person begins the year as an EMT‐B and six months later becomes a Paramedic.  For  program reporting purposes, CMS requires that person to be reported as an EMT‐B.   Regardless if an individual in the EMT/response category has other duties that would fall under  administration/facilities, these individuals must be tracked and reported in the EMT/response category  and not  in any other category.   For administration/facilities not involved in EMT/response, but who nonetheless retained multiple roles,  you will need to assign each individual to the category that best represents their primary activity.   You will need to track staff that have some ground ambulance responsibilities but do not have  responsibilities in any of the other listed categories.  When it comes time to report, you would report  these as “other.”   Note: Outside contract services that include multiple services, in which labor is involved, will be  reported in a separate section. 

Labor Categories 

CMS has established the following labor categories, in which each have paid (full and part‐time) and volunteer  designations.  These categories guide the rest of this section.   

 EMT/Response   Administration/Facilities   Medical Director 

Obviously, not all will apply to your agency and if so, disregard.  For example, if your agency is a not affiliated  with a fire department, then questions pertaining to allocating hours would not apply. 

Let’s visualize this as a table:

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Paid

Applies to All 

If Applicable

Hours Worked Annually (unrelated to ground  ambulance or  fire/police duties) 

Total Hours Annually   (for those with  fire/police duties) 

Number of  Staff  

Total Annual  Compensation 

Total Annual  Hours 

Provider 

EMT‐B  EMT‐I  EMT‐P  Nurse, Dr., resp. therapist, other  EMR  Ambulance driver (non‐EMR or EMT)  Admin (clerical, HR, Billing, IT, etc.)  Management (executives, officers) 

EMT/ 

Response 

Dispatch/call center  Vehicle maintenance  Facilities maintenance  Other 

Administration /Facilities 

MD 

Medical Director 

Volunteer 

Applies to All 

If Applicable

Hours Worked Annually (unrelated to ground  ambulance or  fire/police duties) 

Total Hours Annually   (for those with  fire/police duties) 

Number of  Staff  

Total Annual  Compensation 

Total Annual  Hours 

Provider 

EMT‐B  EMT‐I  EMT‐P  Nurse, Dr., resp. therapist, other   EMR  Ambulance driver (non‐EMR or EMT)  Admin (clerical, HR, Billing, IT, etc.)  Management (executives, officers) 

EMT/ 

Response 

Dispatch/call center  Vehicle maintenance  Facilities maintenance  Other 

Administration /Facilities 

MD  Medical Director  *For agencies that have a parent organization, you will need to track and allocate to your NPI the portion of  administrative labor costs incurred at the level of the parent organization, based on your organizational  approach for allocating costs to specific NPIs. 

What happens if you answer no for paid and  volunteer? 

If you answer no to both paid and volunteer for any category, you will be asked why.  The system will provide  you with three default responses:   This labor category is part of our ground ambulance operation but is paid for or provided at no cost by  another entity.  o If selected, you will be asked to report associated annual hours and associated costs.   One or more staff perform these functions but we assigned them to another category per the  instructions    We do not have staff in this category and/or we contract with another organization for this role

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Total Annual Compensation 

Regardless of category, when reporting total annual compensation, you will include salary/wages, benefits  (healthcare, PTO, retirement, life insurance, and stipends), overtime, training time, callback & standby pay.    Importantly, if one or more components of compensation costs are paid by another organization with which you  have a business relationship, e.g. a municipality that you serve,  you will need to obtain and include these costs . If  the other organization is only able to provide total costs, e.g. total benefits costs across all staff, you will need to  allocate to labor categories based on salary or wages across labor categories.    For example, if total benefits were $60,000, and 1/3 rd  of EMT/response staff salary and wages was for EMT‐B  and 2/3 rd  was for EMT‐ P, then $20,000 would contribute to EMT‐B and $40,000 would contribute to EMT‐P.  

Total Annual Hours  

Include only those staff whose EMT roles are with your agency.  If a staff member is employed as an EMT with  your agency but a firefighter with another agency, do not include those firefighter hours.  Also, in this section,  you will include total hours for staff for whom only some time was spent on EMS.  For example, you have a paid  firefighter/EMT who worked 2,000 hours, though not all hours were for EMS.  Nonetheless, report 2,000 hours. 

Hours Worked Annually (unrelated to ground ambulance or fire/police duties) 

For staff with shared roles, you will track the hours worked annually that were not related to EMT/response  activities or fire/police activities.  Such responsibilities could include: air ambulance, working in a clinic,  community paramedicine, community outreach, etc.  Here, you will capture the share of hours, not the total.   

Medical Director 

If your agency contracts with a medical director rather than employing directly, you will need to track the total  compensation for medical direction services that your agency paid, not the value of the medical director’s time 

General Item 

Of the staff who were partly or entirely related to your ground ambulance operation, you will need to track  whether one or more individuals devoted a total of at least half time (1,000 hours annually or approximately 20  hours per week) to each of the following.  Note: This would not include individuals whose services were part of  an outside contracted service. 

 Billing   Data analysis   Training   Medical quality assurance 

Volunteer Compensation 

You will need to report the total dollars spent if your agency provided stipends, honoraria, benefits and/or other  compensation for volunteers, regardless if EMT/response, administration/facilities, or medical director.

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Facilities Costs  CMS has broken this section down into three basic parts: 

 Facility Information   Lease/Mortgage Costs   Insurance, Maintenance, Utilities & Taxes 

Facility Information 

If a shared  service, % of  square  footage  attributable  to ground  ambulance  services 

If facility was  donated (no  cost, except  maintenance,  utilities,  insurance &  taxes) 

If your agency  or another  owns but has  a mortgage 

If your agency  or another  owns outright 

If your agency  or another  rents 

Square  Footage 

Facility  ID/Function 

Facility 1  Facility 2  Facility 3  Etc. 

 You should include anything used for call center/dispatch, vehicle storage, and admin/EMT staff     You should not include facilities used by contracted entities that your agency does not occupy itself, e.g.  a call center to which you pay a monthly fee for call services   If you had one building in which all functions occurred, list only that that one building   In those cases where non‐ambulance operations also occur, CMS states you can use your “best  estimate.”  For agencies that are fire department‐based:  o Do not include garage, storage and staff areas used for fire response  o Do include a share of office and common spaces related to both ambulance and other activities  that is in proportion to your share of total responses that are ground ambulance responses, e.g.  if half your calls are EMS, list half the square footage as the share

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Lease/Mortgage Costs 

Annual depreciation  (if owned & no  mortgage) 

Facility  ID/Function Lease or rental costs 

Mortgage & interest  costs 

Facility 1  Facility 2  Facility 3  Etc. 

*For agencies that have a parent organization, you will need to track and allocate to your NPI the portion of  other facilities costs incurred at the level of the parent organization, e.g. regional buildings or service facilities  serving multiple NPIs, based on your organizational approach for allocating costs to specific NPIs.     Total costs in this context includes costs paid by another organization or entity on your behalf and  includes costs for facilities that were partially related to your ground ambulance operations.     Do not include facilities that were donated or exceptions for which there was no cost.   Be mindful not to include these interest costs elsewhere. 

Insurance, Maintenance, Utilities & Taxes 

Expenditure 

Amount 

Total facilities‐related insurance costs  Total facilities maintenance/improvement  Total facilities utilities costs  Total facilities taxes 

*For agencies that have a parent organization, you will need to track and allocate to your NPI the portion of  other facilities costs incurred at the level of the parent organization, e.g. regional buildings or service facilities  serving multiple NPIs, based on your organizational approach for allocating costs to specific NPIs.     Total costs includes costs paid by another organization or entity on your behalf.   Total costs includes costs for facilities that were partially related to your ground ambulance operations.  

 Total costs does not include donations or exceptions for which there was no cost.   Do not include labor costs if said labor costs were already included in labor section.    Do not include any taxes if included in the mortgage section.

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Vehicle Costs  As stated earlier, CMS considers ground ambulances to include both land and water.  Additionally, CMS wants to  learn about non‐ambulance vehicles used in relation to your ground ambulance operation.  In regard to the  table below:   You will need to include all ground ambulances regardless whether the ambulance transported patients  or whether you billed for transports made by this ambulance.     You will need to track the total number of ambulance and non‐ambulance miles.  For land ambulance,  this includes billed and unbilled.  For water ambulance, this includes any miles for any reason.  Likewise,  for non‐ambulance, this includes any miles for any reason. 

Owned 

Question 

Ambulance 1 Ambulance 2 

Etc. 

Was it used to transport patients?  Was it donated?  If not donated, what is its annual depreciated value?   Was it remounted?  If yes to remounted, what was the cost?  Total miles (billed) during collection period  Total miles (unbilled) during collection period 

Leased 

Was it used to transport patients?  What was total lease cost? 

Ground Ambulance 

Total miles (billed) during collection period  Total miles (unbilled) during collection period 

Owned 

Question 

NAV 1 

NAV 2 

Etc. 

What type of vehicle is this?  Options will include  fire truck, land rescue vehicle, water rescue vehicle,  and vehicle that responds to emergencies but is not  designed to transport patients  Was this vehicle used to respond to ambulance calls  or support ground ambulance operations?  Was this vehicle donated?  If not donated, what is its annual depreciated value?   Total miles travelled during collection period  Leased  What type of vehicle is this?  Options will include  fire truck, land rescue vehicle, water rescue vehicle,  and vehicle that responds to emergencies but is not  designed to transport patients  What was total lease cost? 

Non‐Ambulance Vehicles (NAV) 

*For agencies that have a parent organization, you will need to track and allocate to your NPI the portion of  other vehicle costs incurred at the level of the parent organization, based on your organizational approach for  allocating costs to specific NPIs.

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Other Costs Associated with Vehicles 

This section pertains to all vehicles (ground ambulance, e.g. land and water, and NAV) used to respond to  ambulance calls or support ground ambulance operations 

If a shared service,  the allocated cost  

Category 

Type 

Amount 

Registration,  License & Insurance  Total registration  Total license  Total insurance  Maintenance & Fuel  Total Maintenance  Total Fuel 

*For agencies that have a parent organization, you will need to track and allocate to your NPI the portion of  other vehicle costs incurred at the level of the parent organization, based on your organizational approach for  allocating costs to specific NPIs.   

 For maintenance and fuel, the vehicle types CMS will ask about includes:  o Ground ambulances  o Fire trucks 

o Land rescue vehicles  o Water rescue vehicles  o Other vehicles that respond to emergencies but don’t transport patients  o Other vehicles   Do not include any in‐house labor costs already included in the labor section or any outside service or  contract, which will be asked about separately

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Equipment, Consumables & Supplies  In this section, CMS breaks things down into two main categories, Medical Equipment & Supplies and Non‐ Medical Equipment & Supplies.  Within those categories, CMS wants to see capital versus non‐capital  expenditures (see Definitions & Reference Documents).  Here again, there are a few ground rules:   Use your agency’s guidelines to categorize goods as capital expenses versus operation expenses.   For capital expenditures, medical and non‐medical equipment, amortize costs over the life of the good.   For purchased capital expenditures (medical and non‐medical equipment), provide the annual  depreciated value of the item.     For leased capital goods and medical and non‐medical equipment, the annual cost is simply the annual  lease expenditures for the piece of equipment.   For all of the cost categories in this section: If you have an ongoing relationship with an organization that  pays this cost for your agency, report the cost here. Otherwise, do not include costs for donated items. 

If Capital  

If Non‐Capital 

Reportable  Item 

If a shared  service, the  allocated cost 

If a shared  service, the  allocated cost

Maintenance,  certification or  service costs 

Category 

Expense 

Depreciation

Item 1  Item 2  Etc.  Medications   All Other  

Medical  Equipment &  Supplies 

Item 1  Item 2  Etc. 

Non‐Medical  Equipment &  Supplies 

Uniforms   All Other  

*For agencies that have a parent organization, you will need to track and allocate to your NPI the portion of non‐ medical equipment & supplies incurred at the level of the parent organization, based on your organizational  approach for allocating costs to specific NPIs.    Medical Equipment & Supplies (Medications & All Other)   Medications  o You will need to know if your agency had costs associated with medications purchased for  ground ambulance services   If yes, you will be asked if you are able to report these costs separately from other  medical supplies and consumables   If yes, you must report the total cost of medications (do not include in‐kind  donations).   If no, you will be asked to explain why.  Your options will include:   Medications are supplied by a hospital or hospitals   Costs are paid by another entity

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 Medications were donated or provided in‐kind   Your agency does not stock medications on its ground ambulances 

o All Other   CMS wants to know the total cost of all other medical equipment, supplies and  consumables purchased during the collection period, and not included in capital or  medications.  This includes items such as bandages, gauze, gloves, basins, oxygen, sterile  water, stethoscopes, blood pressure cuffs, IV supplies, etc. 

Non‐Medical Equipment & Supplies (All Other) 

 All Other  o CMS wants to know the total cost of all non‐medical supplies incurred during the collection  period, such as those related to paper, office supplies, and postage.

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Other Costs  As its name would imply, this section is designed to capture costs related to your ground ambulance operation  that were not captured in other sections.   

Outside Contracted Services 

CMS wants to see the total costs your agency incurred for outside contracted services for which you paid a fee  (including labor, supplies, etc.).  More specifically, you will be asked if your agency utilized any of the following  service types, and if so, the cost for those services.   

Contracted  Service 

If shared service,  the allocated cost 

Type 

Total Cost 

Billing   Accounting  Vehicle maintenance/repair  Dispatch/call center  Facilities maintenance  IT support 

*For agencies that have a parent organization, you will need to track and allocate to your NPI the portion of  these services incurred at the level of the parent organization, based on your organizational approach for  allocating costs to specific NPIs.    For the next table, you will be asked if your agency incurred any of the expenses listed in the categories below  (that were partly or entirely related to supporting the ground ambulance operation).  As a reminder, don’t  report costs here if they were already reported elsewhere.   

 Medical or Ambulance‐Related   Administrative or General   Fees, Fines & Taxes 

Let’s visualize this as a table:

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If shared  service, the  allocated  cost 

Did your  agency incur  an expense? 

Total  Expense 

Category 

Source 

Biohazard waste & medication removal  Fee to physician(s) to oversee paramedics/provide QA  (exclude MD if accounted for elsewhere)  Laundry  Travel other than for training (including lodging,  transportation, per diem & travel‐related costs  Organizational dues, subscriptions  Subsidies paid to other organizations, e.g. paramedic staff for  BLS transports, subcontracted ambulance services  Funds paid to other non‐transporting organizations for  services, e.g. medical staff for transports, responding to calls  Overhead allocation from parent organization (if applicable)  BOD/Trustees expenses  Advertising, including any type of in any medium  Event/meeting costs (including meals)  Miscellaneous administrative fees/costs not already reported  (telephone, trash and shredding services, printing and copying  costs)  IT software, licensing fees (excluding costs accounted for in IT  service fee which was reported elsewhere)  Training and continuing education, e.g. costs for materials,  travel, training fees, and labor. Does not include any labor  costs associated with training that was already covered by  standard labor costs.  911 service fees  Fees for toll roads  Fees paid to local jurisdictions required as condition of  providing service, e.g. a franchise fee  Fees for regulatory compliance or accreditation (annual cost  per year)  Business registration and related fees  Licenses  Fines, forfeitures and citations  Taxes  Liability/malpractice insurance  Workers’ compensation insurance (if not reported in Labor  section)  General insurance (excluding insurance for facilities or  insurance reported in other sections)  Interest paid  Physicals and recruiting  Audit fees, legal fees, and other professional fees  Other miscellaneous operating expenses 

Medical or  Ambulance‐ Related 

Administrative  or General 

Fees, Fines &  Taxes 

*For agencies that have a parent organization, you will need to track and allocate to your NPI the portion of  these miscellaneous costs incurred at the level of the parent organization, based on your organizational  approach for allocating costs to specific NPIs.

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Total Cost  This section was added by CMS as a cross‐check of the total costs reported throughout the reporting tool you  will use when the time comes.  The total cost you report here should include all operation and capital costs  (including costs for services not related to ground ambulance services).

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Revenues  CMS wants to know all  sources of ground ambulance revenue. 

Total Revenue 

 You will need to provide your total revenue from all sources 

Billing 

 You will be asked if you can report revenue from the payers in the table below.  If the answer is no, you  will be asked to report the approximate share of revenue from billed transports for all payers combined.   You will be asked how “often” your agency tried to bill these payers.  Your options will be:  o Never  o Sometimes 

o Usually  o Always  

How often did  your agency bill? 

Did your agency  receive revenue? 

Is cost‐sharing  included in total? 

Payer 

Amount 

Medicare  Medicare Advantage  Medicaid  Medicaid Managed Care   TRICARE  Veterans Health Admin.  Commercial Insurance  Workers’ Compensation   Patient self‐pay 

Finally, you will be asked if your agency received any revenues from any of the sources listed in the following  table.  In this section, only revenue specifically related to ground ambulance services should be reported.

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%  attributable  to ground  ambulance 

Did your  agency  receive  revenue? 

Amount 

Source 

Facility contracts, e.g. nursing homes, prisons, businesses  Subcontracted ambulance services  Standby events  Membership fees  Charitable foundations & individual donors (excluding vehicles  or any cost offsets reported elsewhere)  Executive loan programs, e.g. CEO, business dev., etc.  Program‐related investments, e.g. public‐private investments  Local taxes earmarked for EMS  Contract revenue from local governments in return for services   Enterprise funds and utility rates  Sales of assets and services  Bond or debt financing  State/local donation of surplus vehicles & durable equipment  Other donations (includes market value for donation);  excludes labor, facilities, vehicles, equipment, supplies,  medication, and other items reported elsewhere  Special purpose grants (generally state)  Matching grants (generally state)  Technical assistance, e.g. subsidized training  Demonstration grants (federal)  Congressional earmarks  Other (specify)

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